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John Philip Holland
John Philip Holland ((アイルランド語:Seán Pilib Ó hUallacháin/Ó Maolchalann)) (24 February 1841〔Holland's daughter Marguerite claims her father was born on 29 February, a leap year, which would make the year of birth 1840, not 1841, but this is not universally accepted, as the Christian Brothers' register in Limerick contains the notation "J.P. Holland ... entered June 15, 1858, aged 17."〕12 August 1914〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=John Philip Holland )〕) was an Irish engineer who developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine, the ''Holland 1''. He is widely regarded as the (father of the modern submarine for his designs. )
==Early life==
John Philip Holland, Jr., the second of four siblings, all boys, was born in a coastguard cottage in Liscannor, County Clare, Ireland〔''John P. Holland (1841-1914) - Inventor of the Modern Submarine'' by Richard K. Morris, United States Naval Institute (publisher), Annapolis, MD: © 1966, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 66-20239, pp. 13-14.〕 where his father, John, Sr., was a member of the British Coastguard Service. His mother, a native Irish speaker from Liscannor, Máire Ní Scannláin (aka Mary Scanlon), was John Holland's second wife, his first, Anne Foley Holland, believed to be a native of Kilkee, died in 1835. The area was heavily Irish-speaking and Holland learned English properly only when he attended the local English-speaking St Macreehy's National School, and from 1858, in the Christian Brothers in Ennistymon.〔(Holland's background and childhood in Clare and Limerick ), geocities.com; accessed 8 May 2015.〕
Holland joined the Irish Christian Brothers in Limerick and taught in Limerick (CBS Sexton Street) & many other centres in the country including North Monastery CBS in Cork City, St Joseph's CBS (Drogheda) and as the first Mathematics teacher in Colaiste Ris (also Dundalk). Due to ill health, he left the Christian Brothers in 1873.〔(Profile ), clarelibrary.ie, 9 August 1996.〕 Holland emigrated to the United States in 1873. Initially working for an engineering firm, he returned to teaching again for a further six years in St. John's Catholic school in Paterson, New Jersey.
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